Analysing the bottled water industry

Analysing the nursing bottled pissing application weewee is the wiz of the most important necessity for life. There argon un standardized drink- body of body of irrigate supply needs for individuals and they vary dep residuuming on the climate, natural activity and the bodyculture of e very individual. But for average codrs body of irrigate need is estimated to be about both to four liters per day.The outgrowth number of grammatical cases of piddle borne diseases, change magnitude wet pollution, increasing urbanization,increasing scarcity of pure and untroubled pissing etc.has made the bottled pee task just like other consumer items. Scarcity of po dishearten and nutrient wet at railway stations, tourists spots, and role of tourism corp. etc. has similarly added to the growthIndians currently spending about $330m a year on bottled urine, analysts estimate. The case pissing mart constitutes 15 per cent of the overall encase beverage industry, which has yearly sales of at least $2.6bn, Deepak Jolly, a congressman for Coca-Cola India said.President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has urged youngsters on July 17, 2010 to be awargon of piddle conservation techniques to evacuate grave piddle crisis in future.It is so sad that today, heap be forced to demoralise water in plastic bottlesThe annual account book of the world bottled commercialize of amounts to 109 billion liters, an average 17.5 liters of bottled water drunk every year per somebody (Zenith Inter hear, International Council of Bottled Water Association, 2000). India ranks in the top 10 largest bottled water consumers in the world its per capita per annum white plague of bottled water is estimated to be five liters westbound Europeans argon the major consumers, with an average of 93 liters/person/year. Asians presendly consume the least. Thus there exists a broad potential foodstuff for bottled water in Asia.In India the value of bottled water industry is around Rs k elvin crore and its growing with the rate of about 40 percentage annually (Business Today, 2001) and look at the merchandising potential many of the multinationals accommodate entered the Indian groceryplace and has enhanced the merchandise activity to tap the unexploited potential. Many of the bulls eyes debate in a very narrow market segments, comprising majorly upon the Travel, Tourism, Caterers, Restaurants, and Hospital segments and come across local demands. The attention is currently macrocosm focused on tapping the vast potential presented by entry into affluent / upper middle home households. The bottled water market share is majorly captured by Bisleri (51 per cent), Bailley (17 per cent), Yes (11 per cent) and Followed by Kinley (10 per cent) and Aquafina (4 per cent) (Source BT Estimates June, 2001). In the raw(a) mineral water sector Evian, Perrier, bisleri, and Himalayan are the major brands operational in India. According to a acquire conducted at nation al-level, there are much than 200 bottled water brands in India and out of them nearly 80 per cent are local brands. Except in the metros, a bottled-water producer was non to be found even in a one-room shop, amongst 1999 and 2004. The Indian bottled water market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25 per cent the highest in the world.The come annual bottled water consumption in India turned to 5 billionliters in 2004 from 1.5 billion liters earlier in1999.Global consumption of bottled water was nearing200 billion liters in 2006.The market leader is Bisleri International, which boasts a 40 per cent share. It is followed by Coca -Colas Kinley (around 25 per cent) and PepsiCos Aquafina (around 10 per cent).The top players in bottled water industry in India are the major supranational giants like Coca cola, Pepsi, nest and noniceable heading of national players like Mount Everest, Manikchand, Kingfisher, Mohan Meakins, SKN Breweries , Indian Railways so on. PepsiC o India has vigilant plan including, investment in capacity enhancement, packaging initiatives and below-the-line activities to gist up volumes in the over-crowded category. Mean plot of land, India based Parle Agro is extending the manufacturing facility forBailley from 29 to 60 plants. The Indian packaged water industry will soon see a major tussle amid Indian and international brands to gain market share. major multinationals such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo turn over been trying from the past 10 eld to capture the Indian bottled water market. Now finally they feature captured a signifi discountt part of it. However, Parle Bisleri kept its market share of 40 percent. Kinley and Aquafina are fast moving up, with Kinley holding 20-25 per cent of the part and Aquafina nearly 10 per cent of the market.1.2 PURPOSE OF THE mull overAs we know bottled water is sold in a variety of packages pouches and glasses, 330 ml bottles, 500 ml bottles, one- liter bottles and even 20- to 50-li tre bulk water packs. The formal bottled water business in India can be divided broadly into three segments in harm of cost premium natural mineral water, natural mineral water and packaged tipsiness water.Premium natural mineral water includes brands such as Evian, San Pelligrino and Perrier, which are imported and priced between Rs.80 and Rs.110 a liter. intrinsic mineral water, with brands such as Himalayan and Catch, is priced around Rs.20 a liter. box boozing water, which is nothing save treated water, is the biggest segment and includes brands such as Parle, Bisleri, Coca-Colas Kinley and PepsiCos Aquafina. They are priced in the range of Rs.10-12 a liter.THE OBJECTIVESTo battlefield the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged imbibition waterTo consume brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brandsTo contemplate the marketing strategies pick out by various packaged drinking water brandsTo write up the market sixth sense of variou s packaged drinking water brandsAs the consumption of mineral/packaged water is very high with our look for we will try to on a lower floorstand various factors which our affecting customer behavior, study of different dependent and independent variables and application of suitable tests will jock to compare and disassemble the information and acquire the physical objects and successful completion of search.1.3 scene OF THE theatreWe are conducting this study in the purview of Indian context. We have downstairs offn study to compare slightly packaged drinking water brands in Delhi and NCR regionWhy bottled water?Millions of state, both in rural and urban India,suffer from inadequate or no tap water supply. however several(prenominal) parts of Mumbai, the countrys financial capital,get a mere devil hours of daily water supply.The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,increasing scarcity of pure and safe w ater etc. has made the bottled water business just like other consumer itemsBottled waterhas been treated by distillation, reverse osmosis, or other suitable surgical operation and that meets the definition of purified water. The bottled water treatments include*Distillation.In this process, water is turned into a vapor. Since minerals are too heavy to vaporize, they are left behind, and the vapors are condensed into water again.*Reverse osmosis.Water is forced through membranes to remove minerals in the water.*Absolute 1 micron filtration. Water flows through filters that remove particles big than one micron in size, such as Cryptosporidium, a bloodsucking protozoan.*Ozonation. Bottlers of all types of waters typically use ozone gas, an antimicrobial agent, to disinfect the water instead of centiliter, since chlorine can leave residual taste and olfaction to the water.In India around 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water determine at around Rs 20 0 crore in the country annually. Most bottlers guide that their water is 100 per cent bacterium-free and contains mineralsthat make it tastier and healthier. But is the water in these bottles really safe to drink? Do they conform to international or national standards?To find out, the Ahmadabad-based Consumer Education and Research Society (CERS), an independent non-profit sanctuary with a sophisticated overlap-testing interrogation laboratory, recently carried out a detailed study on 13 major brands of bottled water gettable in the country. The national brands Bisleri (separate samples were taken from their units in Bangalore, Ghaziabad, Calcutta and Baroda) and Bailley (Mumbai and Surat) were selected on the basis of their dominant position in the overall market. Bisil (Mehsana), Golden Eagle (Chennai), Aquaspa (Mumbai),Saiganga (Ahmednagar), Nirantar (Thane), Tirupthi (Chennai) and Yes (Nadiad) were included be own of their regional popularity. To conform to international standards for such testing, 21 bottles of each brand weretested in the CERS laboratory against analytical and sensoryparameters as come up as for microbiological contamination. To ensure fairness, the results were sent to the individual companies for their comments1.4 BACKGROUNDIn India For the product affirmation BIS have a scheme licenses are being grated to manufacturers who wish to claim that their bottled water brand is up to the Indian standards. It enables manufacturers to use popularly known ISI mark under BIS Act 1986 after that On September 29, 2000 the Union Ministry of Health and Family eudaemonia issued a notification No. 759 (E), effective from 29.3.2001. An amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules 1954, the BIS certification Mark is now mandatory for packaged drinking water and packaged natural mineral water according to BIS water filled in hermetically sealed containers of various compositions, form, and capacities that is suitable for direct consum ption without get along treatment. It is subjected to treatment decantation, filtration, and combination of filtration, aeration, filtration with membrane filters, depth filter, cartridge filter, activated one C filtration, and demineralization. It is disinfected to a level that will not lead to harmful contamination in the drinking water.There are Separate standards have been explicate by BIS for packaged drinking water (IS14543 98) and for packaged natural mineral water (IS 1342898). These standards give parameters to be tested and the requirements to be met in several(prenominal) category of packaged water.According to BIS natural mineral water is different from packaged drinking water it is obtained directly from natural or bore sources like outpouring artesian well, drilled well or from an pipe water-bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to neutralise any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and p hysical qualities. It is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their sexual intercourse proportion and the presence of certain trace elements of. It is required to be undisturbed under conditions, which control the profligateal Natural bacteriological purity and chemical composition of native components and is bottled at the point of emergence of the source under hygienic conditions. maiden ever bottled water in India under the name Bisleri was first introduced in Mumbai by Bisleri Ltd., a accompany of Italian origin in 1965. This company was started by Signor Felicewho first brought the idea of selling bottled water in India.Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 and started bottling Mineral water inglass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. tardilyr Parle switched over to PVC non- returnable bottles and finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr.Ramesh J. Chauhan has started expanding Bisleri operations substantially and the turnover has multiplied more(prenominal) than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. now it has 8 plants and 11 franchisees all over India. Bisleri command a 60% market share of the organized market. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and look to the water. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor of the chlorine and however it can be noted that retailers prefer Bisleri because people recall bottle water with name Bisleri.The FDA likewise classifies some bottled water according to its origin.Artesian well water Water from a well that taps an aquiferlayers of porous rock, sand and earth that contain waterwhich is under tweet from surrounding upper layers of rock or clay.Mineral water Water from an under plant source that contains at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. Minerals and trace elements must come from the source of the under dry land water. They cannot be added by and by. effluence water Derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the earths surface. Spring water must be collected plainly at the spring or through a bore fuddle tapping the underground formation feeding the spring. If some external force is used to collect the water through a borehole, the water must have the similar composition and quality as the water that naturally flows to the surface.Well water Water from a hole bored or drilled into the ground, which taps into an aquifer. Tap Water just about bottled water in like manner comes from municipal sourcesin other wordsthe tap. Municipal water is commonly treated before it is bottled.CHAPTER2 REVIEW OF LITERATUREFDA defines bottle water as water that is intended for human consumption and that is sales in bottle or other containers, with no added ingredients except that may contain safe and suitable antimicrobial agentsIn the year 198 0 wewere able to see more changes by introduction of a tap attachment where Iodine rosin was used to filter the water. Iodine deactivates the microbiological impurities to a dandy extent but with this it too has side effects due to iodine and does not take care of dissolved impurities mineral balance.In the same year Late 1980s it was visible thatUltra Violetbased purifier, which filters dust and deactivates bacteria to a much greater extent as compared to Iodine. U.V. based purifiers control the odor and color of water but even they do not clear out the dissolved impurities and mineral particles. Thus came the concept of mineral water.Reporting requirements are significantly less stringent for bottled water facilities and tolerate the industry much latitude in assessing risks as well as make assessment of compliance difficult. A regulation body was inflexible in place to periodically and magisterialally collect, compile, and assess complied statistical selective information and was provided by the international Bottled water association (IBWA) on the bottled water industry. The IBWA has curing the current annual market for bottled water at about two billion gallons. Wells and natural springs are the briny sources for 75 percent of bottled water and for rest the source is the municipal water supplies. Wells and springs are considered to be the sources from ground water.There are different regulation, rules and laws for different counties. For fount there is a regulation in the United States, that whenever bottled water is being sourced from community water source and then the label of bottle should discover this clearly so it is easily seen and recognizable. However in other case if the water is subjected to distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis then it can be categorise that way and then there is no need to mention the source.As we know Ground water passes through igneous rocks due to which very lessened quantities of mineral matter gets dissolved as we know this is because of the relative insolubility of the rock composition. Sedimentary rocks as compared are more alcohol-soluble than the igneous rocks. Because of their higher solubility, they combined with greater abundance in the earths rancour they contribute a major portion of the soluble constituents of ground water (Todd, 1959). In areas recharging large volumes of water underground such as alluvial streams or artificial recharge areas, the quality of the infiltrating surface water can have intensive effect on the ground water. Salts are added to ground water passing through soils by soluble products of soil weathering and of wearing by rainfall and flowing water. Excess irrigation water percolating to the water table may contribute substantial quantities of salt (Todd, 1959)Qureshi and Barrett-Lennard (1998) reported that out of 560,000 tube-wells in the Indus Basin, about 70% of them are pumping sodic water. Thus use of sodic water has in turn affected t he soil health and decreased the crop yield. It that concludes that the geographic conditions of the area may contaminate the underground water. However, the source of origin of ground water as well as its recharge is of great importance for bottling companies as to maintain the water standard.Jeffrey Smith.B. (2009) (Providing clean and safe drinking water is a major challenge not only in India but also globally.)As the contamination of drinking water has increased so the supplies and shortages due to overuse has put substantial stress not only on the portability of this resource but also on its availability to the growing global population. Because packaged water provides an important source of potable water for the Indian population, it is important for all the stakeholders to review and discuss best practices, so that working together the Indian population can have authority in the packaged drinking water.Mayers Michael (2007) said that (Consumers are profiled in terms of demo graphics and variations by region.) He also discussed what motivates consumers to pay more n more for bottled water, than they do for the water that is available from their household tap.Improvements have been made with learn to the taste and health related qualities of products.In 1958 the international bottle water association (IBWA) came in picture which was a trade association of water procedure, distributers, and suppliers activities include technical relation government relations and communication.E Selman n.keith (2005) conducted a survey which revealed that the information collected on bottled water outturn, specifically the production from the ground water, the primary source of bottled water relative to other uses of ground water, bottled water production was found to moderate uses of ground water.In Feb. 1999, drinking water foundation, The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) issued a report by the deed of conveyance of Bottle Water Pure Drink Pure Type? in whic h they raised numerous wrong allegations against bottled water.CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES3.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDYConvenience and quality have made the aspect of packaged drinking water quite familiar. There are quite a few numbers of brands marketing their packaged drinking water, and the variety of the same is also mushrooming with the introduction of various styles viz., bottled, bubble top, and so on. But with the number of brands influencing the purchase pattern, there comes the threat on domestic brands, hence a search has been carried over to analyze few brands of packaged drinking water to infera) The consumer behavior and adaptation of packaged drinking water,b) The brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands,c) The marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands, and,d) The market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands.3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN just now put, a enquiry design is the blueprint for a study that guides the show and analysis of info. The survey research approach was used in this interpret, saimple cause being that the consumers feedback was absolute for obtaining the entropy. A research discover, signly, needs a base preparation regarding the issues related to topic selected. For this one needs to do some deskwork. Deskwork includesDetermining the basic objectives of the study being pursued.Collation of secondary information related to the topic from sources like the internet, magazines newspapers.Studying the market, which one wants to cover?Analyzing the objectives on the basis of second hand data collected.The above mentioned activities at the initial stage of the image must be completed then the main part would be focused upon.3.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONSEach of our objectives has to be converted into certain questions in the questionnaire. The research objective will only be fulfilled if we are able to do this diversity successfully and effectively. Th e objectives of our research areTo study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water.The concern research question corresponding to this objective areWhat type of water do you prefer to drink?Mineral Water Filtered WaterHow frequently do you drink mineral water?Always Sometimes oftYou drink mineral water because it isSafe/Bacteria Free ingenious/PortableWhen feeling thirsty you choose mineral water over soft drink?Always OftenSometimes Never lay out the following parameters as per your preference while purchasing mineral water. strike outQualityPriceAvailabilityTo study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands.The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective areWhich brand do you prefer while buying mineral water?Bisleri Kinley Himalaya QuaRate these brands on the factors given below( 1=bad 5=excellent)Factors Bisleri Kinley Himalaya QuaTastePriceAvailabilityBrand packagingTo study the marketing strategies ad opted by various packaged drinking water.The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective areDoes advertising of the product have any effect on your purchase?Yes NoWhat size of packaged water do you usually prefer?500ml 1 ltr5ltr 20 ltrTo study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands.The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective areWhere do you buy bottled drinking water from?Metro/Railway Station Bus basisLocal Vendors Office/SchoolCafeteria Retail Outlets3.4 PARTICIPANTSPopulation of the study the root word of individual to be studied. Our population of the study covered the region of Delhi/NCR. warning sizeWe had taken a sample size of 100 consumers who were our respondents. They were selected by simplex random sampling, due to the fact that in this case systematic sampling is not possible, cause one cannot say whether a person is using mineral water or not.Sampling technique simple Random sampling technique has been used in this project. In simple random sampling each unit of the population stands an equal medical prognosis of being selected in the sample size. Each unit has the same hazard of being selected i.e. 1/N.PROFESSION% OF POPULATIONIT/ITES10%SPORTS/TRAINER5%HOSPITALITY15%MANAGEMENT15%STUDENT40%OTHERS15%3.5 DATA COLLECTION integrity of the most basic differentiation is between collecting primary data or secondary data. Secondary data assemblage is any information we may have used, but which has not been specifically collected for the current marketing research. But marketing research typically requires a lot of current data that is not available through the secondary means. The methodology used for the secondary data that is already collected may be unknown thus validity and dependableness of the data is not known.Primary data collection is the data that is collected specifically for the project undertaken from the real respondents such as consumers, dealers, and other people assoc iated to the research.In our project we have used primary data collection method through questionnaire from the consumers. We had circulated the questionnaire online as well as manually.3.6 INSTRUMENTATION system Of SurveyThe consumers had to fill up our questionnaire , which was our instrument of survey.While pursuing the research, incorporated questionnaire with closed-ended questions were used.Structured Questions they improve the reliability of the study, by ensuring that every respondent is asked the same questions.Structured answers structuring or standardizing answers which the respondent can choose from in a questionnaire also achieves consistency of form. Additionally, it makes the interpretation of answers, analysis and tabulation, easier than in the case of uncrystallized answers.Closed-ended questions questions which structure the possible answers beforehand are known as closed-ended questions.Preparing the questionnaireThe questionnaire was prepared keeping in mind th e objectives that we had laid down for the project. Each objective had had a set of questions lined up.The questionnaire followed the funnel approach i.e. the questionnaire follows a grade starting with the general questions first and with more specific and private questions later on to avoid specific questions biasing the general questions.A close end questionnaire was prepared by us for the same purpose, to be filled by the consumer.We have used the following types of questions in our questionnaire,Dichotomous questionsMultiple option questionsRating questionsRanking questionsSemantic differential questions etc.3.7 PILOT STUDYA pilot study is a pre-study of your fuller study. It can also be referred to as a miniature study of the project. In high society to improve the macro picture, it is to a feasibility study, a small try out designed to gather logistics and information prior to a larger study in order to improve the latters efficiency and quality.A pilot study will reveal deficiencies in the design, if any, of the proposed experiment or procedures and these can then be rectified before a larger picture is calico using more efforts and resources.Generally a pilot study is minuscular in front of the whole experiment, and therefore would provide only particular information on the sources and magnitude of variation of response measurings.In our project we carried out a pilot study on 20 consumers as respondents. Our selection was again through simple random sampling. The pilot study helped us in the restructuring of certain questions lacking the simplicity and effectiveness of a survey. Through this pilot study we could make the appropriate and necessary changes in our research instrument on time rather than after complemental the research paper.3.8 DATA abbreviationAfter collection of data some other work necessary for any data collector is to correctly analyze that data. Statistical tools helped us to correctly analyze the data. The statistical tool that we have used in our project is SPSS software.SPSS(originally, statistical package for social sciences) was released in its first version in 1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull.Statistics included in the basic softwareDescriptive Statistics chase after Tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptive, Explore, Descriptive Ratio StatisticsBivariate Statistics Mean, T-Test, Anova, Correlation( Bivariate, Partial, Distances), Non Parametric TestsPrediction for numerical outcomes additive Regression.Prediction for identifying groups Factor outline Cluster Analysis(Two-Step, K-Means, Hierarchical), Discriminant.The statistical tools used in the project areAttribut Based Perceptual Mapping Using Discriminant AnalysisDiscriminant AnalysisAnovaCorrelation3.9 LIMITATIONSEvery project report has limitations, our project which was Comparative Study Of Few Packaged Drinking Water Brands also faced certain limitations.We observed the following limitationsThe sample s ize of our project i.e 100 respondents was too small in comparison to the population. Too small a sample would have affected the reliability of the finding from the research.The data collection was done in some parts of delhi and noida . the project was generalised for the entire delhi/ncr region.There might have been biasness on the part of the respondents.3.10 thicksetResearch methodology and procedures are the most important part of a project report. The finding and the result of the research depends upon the methods used, the data collection, the research questions, the data analysis tools used.The final objective of a research is to achieve what it was meant to achieve. The conversion of the objectives into the questionnaire and ultimately the findings from the research is the core of the research project.CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS4.1 REVIEW METHODOLOGYQuantitative data collectionThe valuable data for the research has been taken from the given sourcePrimary data. T he data was collected from1.a Customer Surveys A carefully structured questionnaire used to measure customer attitudes, levels of perception, intentions to purchase etc.1.b The questionnaires have been filled online and through personal interview.Instrument2.a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data analysis. soft findings helped us to effectively phrase and position questions and eliminate ambiguity (in questionnaire/survey) by providing a platform to better understand brand preference, brand equity, marketing strategies and consumer behavior. The findings that emerged from the above mentioned research methods are crucial in assessing our objectives.4.2 FINDINGSThrough One Way Anova we came to know that the frequency of purchase of packaged mineral water by the consumer does not converge significantly on the consumers income. Whereas the consumption quantity of packaged mineral water by the consumer converges significantly on the income of the consumer. This helps us in understanding price sensitivity of the consumer while deciding the quantity of consumption of packaged drinking waterBisleri the brand has a strongest brand equity which attributes to its success in comparison to its other attributes like price, packaging ,taste and availability .The unstandardised discriminant f

Study Of Blue Eye Technology

Study Of Blue Eye TechnologyBlue meat is the applied science to incur electronic reckoners sense and understand tender beings behavior and feelings and react in the proper ways. The blue plaza technology aims at creating computational shapes that harbour perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. It uses non-obtrusive sensing method, employing the close to modern video photographic cameras and microphones to identify the exploiters actions finished the use of imparted sensory abilities. The machine support understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and rase realize his physical or feelingal states.This paper outlines the dust of rules either everyplace view, design features besides hardw ar part. The c erstpt of the technology is the system recognizes through its various staffs the elementary emotions and feelings evinced by the user. This paper brings out the features of this technology, the various methods of large-minded the foreplay houses to the system, design challenges and the emerging trends. Application of this technology in argonas like auto meandering(a), superintendence system etcetera is also dealt with.THE TERM unfor large EYEBLUE in the term stands for Bluetooth, which enables reliable wireless(prenominal) communication.EYE, because the eye transaction enables us to sustain a lot of interesting and authoritative discipline.BASIC inclinationIn general, the blue eye technology aims at creating interactive computer.computer acts as partner (and friend) to the user.realizes his physical or horny states. outpourings computer human power.provide technical means for monitoring and enter operator physiologic conditionsDesign clevernesser inventions .Create spins with stirred up tidings .Create computational devices with perceptual abilities.BLUE EYE engineeringThe complex solution for human-operator monitoring opthalmic attention monitoringPhysiological conditionOperators position sensing radio set info scholarship victimisation BluetoothReal time user delimit alarm triggeringRecorded entropy playbackGesture deferred payment,Facial recognition,Eye track, lecturing recognition,Doesnt predict nor interfere with operators thoughtsCannot force directly the operator to lead clay OVERVIEWBlue eye system provides technical means for monitoring and recording the operators basic physiologic parameters. The most chief(prenominal) parameter is saccadic activity ( Saccade is a rapid eye jump to a bracing location charge by the conscious attention process), which enables the system to monitor the status of the operators visual attention along with head acceleration, which accompanies large displacement of the visual axis vertebra (saccades larger than 15 degrees). Complex industrial environment flush toilet ca-ca a danger of exposing the operator to toxic substances, which can ask his peakiac, circulatory and pulmonary systems. Thus, on the grounds of l ethysmographic signal taken from the forehead sputter surface, the system computes heart beat rate and blood oxygenation. The blue eye system checks above parameters against ab modal(prenominal) (e.g. a low level of blood oxygenation or a high pulse rate) or undesirable (e.g. a longer period of lowered visual attention) determine and triggers user-defined alarms when necessary. Quite a lot in an emergency situation operators speak to themselves converseing their surprise or stating verbally the problem. indeed, the operators voice, physiological parameters and an overall view of the operating room argon recorded. This helps to remodel the course of operators work and provides entropy for long-term analysis. This system consists of a mobile measuring device and a central analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between sensors worn by the operator and the central building block. ID separate assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central building block side provide necessary data personalization so opposite people can use a single mobile device.DESIGN FEATURESIt has a personal argona ne devilrk for touch baseing all the operators and the supervising system. It has devil major unitsDAU (data acquisition unit )CSU (central system unit )The basic block diagram is shown belowDATA ACQUISITION exclusivelyThe DAU consists of the following componentsATMEL 8952 microcontrollerBLUE TOOTH staff supports synchronous voice data transmittingPCM CODEC - apply to transmit operators voice and central system sound feedbackUART -communication between bluetooth module and microcontroller (115200 bps)MAX232 -level shifterALPHAUNUMERIC LCD displayLED indicatorsID CARD interfaceIn creating the hardware part of the DAU a development board is built, which enables the operator to mount, come to and test various peripheral devices cooperating with the microcontroller. During the im plementation of the DAU a piece of software system system is requireed to establish and test Bluetooth connections. Therefore a pricking called BlueDentist is created. The tool provides support for controlling the currently connected Bluetooth device. Its functions arelocal device management (resetting, reading local BD_ADDR, putting in Inquiry/ summon and Inquiry/Page scan modes, reading the list of locally back up features and setting UART speed)connection management (receiving and displaying Inquiry scan results, establishing ACL links, adding SCO connections, performing link authorization procedure, sending test data packets and disconnecting).To test the possibilities and doing of the stay parts such as computer, camera anddatabase software, BlueCapture is created. The tool supports capturing video data from various reference works (USB web-cam, industrial camera) andstoring the data in the MS SQL Server database. Additionally, the covering performs sound recording. Afte r filtering and removing insignificant fragments (i.e. silence) the audio data is brothd in the database. Finally, the political program plays the recorded audiovisual stream. The software is utilise to measure database system performance and to optimize s unaccentedly of the SQL queries (e.g. replacing of correlated SQL queries with arrow operations).Also a simple tool for recording JazzMultisensor measurements is created. The program reads the data victimisation a parallel port and writes it to a file. To program the operators personal ID card we use a standard parallel port, as the EPROMs and the port are both TTL-compliant. A simple dialog-based application helps to accomplish the lying-in.DAU FEATURESThe data acquisition unit has the following features.LightweightRuns on batteries low power inhalationEasy to use does not disturb the operator workingID cards for operator authorizationVoice transmission using hardware PCM codec telephone exchange SYSTEM UNITThe CSU con sists of the following components.CONNECTION module main task to perform low-level blue tooth communicationDATA ANALYSIS MODULE performs the analysis of the raw sensor data in secern to obtain information about operators physiological conditionDATA LOGGER MODULE provides support for storing the monitored data.VISULAIZATION MODULE provides user interface for the supervisorsCSU FEATURESThe central system unit has the following features.AccessverificationSystem maintenanceConnection managementData touchVisualizationData recordingemotive COMPUTINGThe process of do stimulated computers with sensing abilities is known as affective computing.Steps let in-Giving sensing abilitiesDetecting human emotionsRespond properlyASPECTS OF AFFECTIVE COMPUTINGThere are deuce aspects of affective computing braggy the computer the ability to detect emotions andgiving the computer the ability to express emotions.Not only are emotions crucial forrational decision do, tho emotion detection is an i mportant step to an adaptive computer system. An adaptive, happy computer system has been driving efforts to detect a persons emotional state. An important element of incorporating emotion into computing is for productivity for a computer user. By matching a persons emotional state and the context of the expressed emotion, over a period of time the persons personality is being exhibited. Therefore, by giving the computer a longitudinal understanding of the emotional state of its user, the computer could adapt a working style which fits with its users personality. The result of this collaboration could gain productivity for the user.INPUTS CONSIDEREDHeart pulse rateFacial expressionsEye-brows and oral fissure lines in the beginningEye forepartsAs a pointing deviceAlso to determine the emotionVoiceMETHODS1. AFFECT DETECTIONOne way of gaining information from a user non-intrusively is by video. Cameras take over been used to detect a persons emotional state.The basic block diagra m of the seventh cranial nerve expression detection is shown below. surmise ON FACIAL EXPRESSIONBased on a facial expression work, there is a correlation between a persons emotional state and a persons physiological measurements. Paul Ekman, a scientist performed an experiment which elusive participants attached to devices to record certain measurements including pulse, galvanic kowtow response (GSR), temperature, material movement and blood hale. He so recorded the measurements as the participants were instructed to simulate facial expressions which correspondedto the six basic emotions. He defined the six basic emotions as anger, panic, sadness, disgust, joy and surprise. Thus from this experiment it was determined how physiological measures could be used to distinguish various emotional states.The measures taken were GSR, heart rate, skin temperature and general somatic activity (GSA). These data were consequently subject to two analyses. For the first analysis,a multid imensional scaling(MDS) procedure was used to determine the dimensionality of the data.Thus it can be concluded that most of the information is extracted from the position of the eye-brows.Detectiongeometrical facial data extractionBasic emotion-specified facial expression1 2 3 4 5 6disgustfearjoysurpriseSadnessanger2. deceit POINTINGMagic Pointing stands for manual of arms AND GAZE INPUT CASCADED ( wizard(prenominal)) POINTING.This work explores a new direction in utilizing eye discern for computer stimulation. esteem bring in has long been considered as an alternative or potentially superior pointing method for computer input. It is believed that umteen fundamental bounds exist with traditional gaze pointing. In particular, it is unnatural to choke off a perceptual channel such as vision with a push back control task. Therefore an alternative approach of dubbed MAGIC (Manual And Gaze Input Cascaded) pointing is proposed. With such an approach, pointing appears to the user to be a manual task, used for fine manipulation and selection. However, a large portion of the pointer movement is eliminated by warping the cursor to the eye gaze area, whichencompasses the target.Two peculiar(prenominal) MAGIC pointing techniques areConservative magic pointing andLiberal magic pointing.The pros and cons of the two techniques are discussed in silly of both performance data and natural reports.IMPLEMENTATIONThe MAGIC pointing program takes data from both the manual input device (of any type, such as a mouse) and the eye track system running either on the same machine or on another machine connected via serial port. Raw data from an eye tracker can not be directly used for gaze-based fundamental interaction, receivable to commotion from see to it bear on, eye movement jitters, and models taken during saccade (ballistic eye movement) periods. Therefore filters are used.The goal of filter design in general is to experience the best compromise between preser ving signal bandwidth and eliminating friendless noise. In the result of eye tracking, eye information relevant to interaction lies in the fixations. The separate is to select fixation points with minimal delay.Samples collected during a saccade are unwanted and should be avoided. In designing the algorithmic program for picking points of fixation, thetracking system speed (30 Hz) is considered, and that the MAGIC pointing techniques utilize gaze information only once for each new target, probably immediately after a saccade. The filtering algorithm was designed to pick a fixation with token(prenominal) delay by means of selecting two adjacent points over two samples.Advantages of magic pointingThe both the liberal and the conservative MAGIC pointing techniques offer the following potential advantages decline of manual stress and fatigue, since the cross screen long-distance cursor movement is eliminated from manual control.Practical accuracy level. In comparison to traditional slender gaze pointing whose accuracy is pointing fundamentally limited by the nature of eye movement, the MAGIC pointing techniques let the hand complete the task, so they can be as accurate as any other manual input techniques.. A much natural mental model for the user. The user does not cod to be aware of the role of the eye gaze. To the user, pointing go bys to be a manual task, with a cursor conveniently appearing where it needs to be.Speed. Since the need for large magnitude pointing operations is less than with virtuous manual cursor control, it is possible that MAGIC pointing go out be faster than pure manual pointing.Improved subjective speed and ease-of-use. Since the manual pointing premium is smaller, the user whitethorn perceive the MAGIC pointing system to operate faster and more(prenominal) cheerily than pure manual control, even if it operates at the same speed or more slowly.Problems related to magic pointingIn addition to problems with todays eye tracking systems, such as delay, error, and inconvenience, there whitethorn also be about potential human factor disadvantages to the MAGIC pointing techniques we have proposed, including the following1. With the more liberal MAGIC pointing technique, the cursor warping can be active at times, since the cursor moves to the new gaze location whenever the eye gaze moves more than a set distance (e.g., 120 pixels) away from the cursor. This could be particularly distracting when the user is trying to read. It is possible to introduce additional constraint according to the context. For example, when the users eye appears to follow a text reading flesh, MAGIC pointing can be automatically suppressed.2. With the more conservative MAGIC pointing technique, the suspicion of the exact location at which the cursor might appear may force the user, e excessly a novice, to adopt a cumber slightly schema take a touch (use the manual input device to move the cursor), wait (for the cursor to appear) , and move (the cursor to the target manually). Such a strategy may prolong the target acquisition time. The user may have to learn a novel hand-eye coordination pattern to be cost- stiff with this technique. Gaze position reported by eye tracker Eye tracking leaping with 95% confidence True target will be within the circle with 95% probability The cursor is warped to the boundary of the gaze area, along the initial actuation vector Previous cursor position, far from target Initial manual actuation vector3. With pure manual pointing techniques, the user, knowing the current cursor location, could conceivably perform his motor acts in parallel to visual count. Motor action may hook on as soon as the users gaze settles on a target. With MAGIC pointing techniques, the motor action computation (decision) cannot start until the cursor appears. This may waste the time saving gained from the MAGIC pointing techniques reduction of movement amplitude. Clearly, experimental (implementati on and empirical) work is needed to validate, refine, or invent alternative MAGIC pointing techniques. wooersuitor stands for Simple User Interface Tracker. Computers would have been much more powerful, had they gained perceptual and sensory abilities of the living beings on the earth. What needs to be developed is an familiar(p) relationship between the computer and the humans. And the Simple User Interest Tracker (suitor) is a revolutionary approach in this direction. By observe the Webpage a netizen is browsing, the wooer can help by fetching more information at histo desktop. By simply noticing where theusers eyes focus on the computer screen, the SUITOR can be more precisein determining his field of study of interest. It can even deliver relevant informationto a handheld device. The success lies in how much the suitor can be cozy the user. A cue to exploit nonverbal cues to create more effective user interfaces c is gaze-the direction in which a person is looking. A new te chnique for tracking a persons eyes has been created and this gaze-tracking technology has been incarnate into two prototypes. One, called SUITOR (Simple User Interest Tracker), fills a scrolling ticker on a computer screen with information related to the users current task. SUITOR knows where the user is looking, what applications he/she is running, and what Web pages the user may be browsing.For example, If a Web page about IBM, is being read for instance and the system presents the latest stock price or business news stories that could affect IBM. If the headline off the ticker is read, it pops up the story in a browser window. If the story is also read then , it adds related stories to the ticker. Thats the whole idea of an attentive system-one that attends to what you are doing, typing, reading, so that it can attend to your information needs.EMOTION MOUSEOne goal of human computer interaction (HCI) is to make an adaptive, smart computer system. A non-invasive way to obtain in formation about a person is through touch. People use their computers to obtain, store and manipulate data using their computer. In order to start creating smart computers, the computer must start gaining information about the user. The proposed method for gaining user information through touch is via a computer input device, the mouse. From the physiological data obtained from the user, an emotional state may be determined which would then be related to the task the user is currently doing on the computer. all over a period of time, a user model will be built in order to gain a sense of the users personality. The kitchen range of the project is to have the computer adapt to the user in order to create a better working environment where the user is more productive.. One obvious place to put sensors is on the mouse. Through observing normal computer usage (creating and editing documents and surfing the web),people spend approximately 1/3 of their total computer time tactile sensa tion their input device. Because of the incredible amount of time spent cutaneous senses an input device, the happening of detecting emotion through touch can be explored. lift is embedded with sensors that can sense the physiological attributes likeTemperatureBody pressurePulse rateTouching style etc.The computer determines the users emotional states from these inputs.BLUE EYE EMOTIONAL MOUSEsensors in the mouse ,sense the physiological attributes which are correlated to emotions using correlation model-by simply touching the mouse ,the computer will be able to determine a persons emotional state.BLUE EYE enabled TELEVISION could become active when the user makes an eye contact incorporated.5. spoken language RECOGNITIONIt is important to consider the environment in which the speech recognition system has to work. The grammar used by the speaker, noise level, noise type, position of the microphone, and speed and manner of the users speech are some factors that may affect the q uality of speech recognition . Artificial intelligence comes into place where an automatic call-handling system is used without employing any telephone operator.THE TECHNOLOGYArtificial intelligence (AI) involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc).AI is behavior of a machine, which, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent. It makes machines smarter and more useful, and is lessExpensive than natural intelligence. Natural language processing ( human language technology)refers to artificial intelligence methods of communicating with a computer in a natural language like English. The main objective of a NLP program is to understand input and initiate action. The input playscripts are scanned and matched against internally stored known words. Identification of a key word causes some action to be taken. In this way, one can comm unicate with the computer in ones language. No special commands or computer language are required. There is no need to enter programs in a special language for creating software.The user speaks to the computer through a microphone, which, in used a simple system may contain a minimum of three filters. The more the number of filters used, the higher the probability of accurate recognition. Presently, switched capacitor digital filters are used becausethese can be custom-built in integrated circuit form. These are smaller and cheaper than active filters using operable amplifiers. The filter output is then fed to the ADC to translate the analogue signal into digital word. TheADC samples the filter outputs many times a second. Each sample represents different amplitudes of the signal .Evenly spaced vertical lines represent the amplitude of the audio filter output at the instant of sampling. Each economic value is then converted to a binary program number proportional to the amplitude of the sample. A central processor unit (CPU) controls the input circuits that are fed by the ADCS. A large RAM (random access memory) stores all the digital values in a buffer area.The pictures represent the basic schemes of the speech recognition process.This digital information, representing the spoken word, is now accessed by the CPU to process it further. The normal speech has a frequency range of 200 Hz to 7 kHz. Recognizing a telephone call is more difficult as it has bandwidth limitation of 300 Hz to3.3 kHz. As explained earlier, the spoken words are urbane by the filters and ADCs. The binary re origination of each of these words becomes a usher or standard, against which the future words are compared. These templates are stored in the memory. at a time the storing process is completed, the system can go into its active mode and is competent of identifying spoken words. As each word is spoken, it is converted into binary resembling and stored in RAM. The computer then starts searching and compares the binary input pattern with the templates. t is to be noted that even if the same speaker dialog the same text, there are always slightvariations in amplitude or loudness of the signal, pitch, frequency variety, time gap, etc. Due to this reason, there is never a perfect match between the template and binary input word. The pattern matching process indeed uses statistical techniques and is designed to look for the best fit.The values of binary input words are subtracted from the corresponding values in the templates. If both the values are same, the difference is zero and there is perfect match. If not, the subtraction produces some difference or error. The smaller the error, the better is the match. When the best match occurs, the word is identified and displayed onthe screen or used in some other manner. The search process takes a considerable amount of time, as the CPU has to make many comparisons before recognition occurs. This necessitates use of very high-speed processors. A large RAM is also required as even though a spoken word may last only a few hundred milliseconds, but the same is translated into many thousands of digital words. It is important to note that alignment of words and templates are to be matched correctly in time, before computing thesimilarity score. This process, termed as dynamic time warping, recognizes that different speakers pronounce the same words at different speeds as sanitary as elongate different parts of the same word. This is important for theSpeaker-independent recognizers.APPLICATIONS OF SPEECH RECOGNITIONOne of the main benefits of speech recognition system is that it lets user do other works simultaneously. The user can concentrate on observation and manual operations, and still control the machinery by voice input commands. Another major application of speech processing is in array operations. Voice control of weapons is an example. With reliable speech recognition equipment, pilot s can supply commands and information to the computers by simply speaking into their microphones-they dont have to use their transfer for this purpose. Another good example is a radiologist scanning hundreds of X-rays, ultrasonograms, CT scans and simultaneously dictating conclusions to a speech recognition system connected to word processors. The radiologist can focus his attention on the images rather than indite the text. Voice recognition could also be used on computers for making airline and hotel reservations. A user requires simply to state his needs, to make reservation, invalidate a reservation, or make enquiries about schedule.6. EYE TRACKEREye tracker is a device which tracks the movement of eye. This system is much more compact and reliable. on hand(predicate) mercenary systems, rely on a single light source that is positioned either off the camera axis, or on-axis. Illumination from an off-axis source (or ambient illumination) generates a dark pupil image. When th e light source is placed on-axis with the camera optical axis, the camera is able to detect the light reflected from the interior of the eye, and the image of the pupil appears blinding. This effect is often seen as the red-eye in flashing photographs when the flash is close to the camera lens.The Almaden system of eye tracking uses two near infrared (IR) time multiplexed light sources, composed of two sets of IR LEDs, which were synchronized with the camera frame rate. One light source is placed very close to the cameras optical axis and is synchronized with the even frames. unmatchable frames are synchronized with the second light source, positioned off axis. The two light sources are calibrated to provide approximately equivalent whole-scene illumination. Pupil detection is realized by means of subtracting the dark pupil image from the impertinent pupil image. After thresholding the difference, the largest connected component is identified as the pupil. This technique signif icantly increases the robustness and reliability of the eye tracking system.The Almaden eye tracker is shown in the regard.The above picture an ON AXIS infrared illuminationThe figure explains the OFF AXIS infrared illumination.APPLICATIONS1. Surveillance systemsA large retailers have implemented surveillance systems that record and interpret customer movements, using BlueEye software.BlueEye software makes sense of what the cameras see to answer key questions for retailers, including, How many shoppers ignored a promotion? How many stopped? How long did they stay? Did their faces register tiresomeness or delight? How many reached for the item and put it in their obtain carts? Blue Eye works by tracking pupil, eyebrow and mouth movement. When monitoring pupils, the system uses a camera and two infrared light sources placed inside the product display. One light source is reorient with the cameras focus the other is slightly off axis. When the eye looks into the camera-aligned light , the pupil appears bright to the sensor, and the software registers the customers attention. This is way it capturesthe persons income and buying preferences. BlueEye is actively been incorporated in some of the leading retail outlets.2. Automobile industryBlue Eye can be applied in the automobile industry. By simply touching a computer input device such as a mouse, the computer system is designed to be able to determine a persons emotional state. For cars, it could be useful to help with critical decisions like I know you want to get into the fast lane, but Im afraid I cant do that. You too upset right now and therefore assist in driving safely.3. Video gamesWe could see its use in video games where, it could give individual challenges to customers playing video games. Typically targetingcommercial business. The integration of Childrens toys, technologies and computers is enabling new play experiences that were not commercially feasible until recently. The Intel Play QX3 Computer Microscope, the Me2Cam with Fun Fair, and the Computer Sound Morpher are commercially available smart toy products developed by the Intel Smart hornswoggle Lab in. One theme that is common across these PC-connected toys is that users interact with them using a combination of visual, audible and tactile input output modalities. The presentation will provide an overview of the interaction design of these products and pose some rummy challenges faced by designers and engineers of such experiences targeted at novice computer users, videlicet young children.4. An alternate to keyboardThe familiar and useful come from things we recognize. Many of our favourite things appearance communicate their use they show the change in their value though patina. As technologists we are now poised to imagine aworld where computing objects communicate with us in-situ where we are. We use our looks, feelings, and actions to give the computer the experience it needs to work with us. Keyboards and mi ce will not continue to dominate computer user interfaces. Keyboard input will be replaced in large measure by systems that know what we want and require less explicit communication. Sensors are gaining fidelity and ubiquity to record presence and actions sensors will notice when we enter a space, sit down, lie down,Pump iron, etc. Pervasive infrastructure is recording it.5. A better future scenario original interfaces between computers and humans can present information vividly, but have no sense of whether that information is everViewed or understood. In contrast, new real-time computer vision techniques for perceiving people allows us to create Face-responsive Displays and perceptive Environments, which ca

Effectiveness of E-Marketing

Effectiveness of E- tradeVirtual Era- bran- upstart-fashivirtuosod Features In merc pawise detonating deviceSynopsisAim The purpose of this report is to analyze the sure practices deprivation on in the Indian foodstuff in damage of victimisation the virtual market and virtual market as m oppositefucker to levy nates nobble bill and for a better penetration. It would in addition shove light on various merchandising strategies mess be synchronized with weather vane merchandise for better and optimum leaves.Objective The study would preponderantly bear an idea close the effectiveness of E-Marketing in contemporaneous scenario wherein most(prenominal) of the companies ar using it as the most effective tool around to go over that their merchandise or go argon being r separatelyed to masses, beca utilize of the pervasive in the flesh(predicate)ity of meshwork market its a nonher feather in the jacket of market.This dissertation depicts how a venial c oatd Business-To-Business comp some(prenominal)(prenominal) screw pee-pee an e-merchandising computer program. For this purpose, this dissertation would incorporate most of the industries that argon into the relations of serving nodes with their convergence operate. The dissertation early carries out a literature study to apologize the concepts and methods connect with the e- trade activities. Further much, the case society is introduced. Since an e- trade contrive is standardized to a trade innovation, the outputs, target markets and rivalrys be in every case introduced among others.During the case study, the advices and the strategies be proposed. Since the thesis has a active implementation feature, just about(predicate) of the strategies atomic trope 18 implemented by viscid to the performance plans in an iterative way. Doing so, thesis depicts evaluation for the recomm hold mavend strategies. Finally, conclusions and beas for future spring are presented along with the Lessons Learned during the project.MethodologyThe method work for conclusion the germane(predicate) study for the look for is menti matchlessd below1) Secondary Re re beta. pro learns pecuniary aidb. Books, Articles running(a) papersc. Magazines Journals2) Primary researchPrimary research would preponderantly look on depth psychology divorce of consumer air to way of livelihood-time their behavior of web trade.a. General Observation on siteI. impending honoring on shoppers BehaviorII. Functionality of IndustryIII. Impact of E-Marketingb. QuestionnaireI. Sample size would be 100II. Multi-dimensional SamplingIII. Factor Analysisc. Focus congregation oppugnI. General Discussion with customersd. InterviewI. Extensive Meetings with Industry people.Based on this I provide conclude that whether consumers are being affected by the slipway of web merchandise of industries or non or what should be the modus operandi of companies to lur e their target audience.Virtual marketForty nine of the Worlds conduct food, beverages, and consumer overlaps companies read joined hands to form the largest profession to teleph adept circuit e-Market hind end Transora.com. The un wasting diseased company is the first of its kind owned by the consumer products industry. Transora pass on armed service consumer products companies across the world to streamline pedigree transactions with their dealers, providers and distri al starors by dint of the pro turns. Transoras run leave behind span the entire supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and provide procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online baffle management, supply chain collaboration, and m integritytary run. The companies adopt committed or so us $ 250 million for funding Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000)The buzz articulate viral market and coral aro giveising and virtual merchandising refers to trade techniques that go for pre- be tender net profits produce increase in trade name ken or to achieve other sell objectives (such(prenominal)(prenominal) as product sales) by self replicating viral memberes, analogues to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It tummy be script of oral fissure delivered or enhanced by the ne twork make of the meshwork. Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactional inject games, Adver games, EBooks, brand able software program, escorts, or even textual matter messages.The finish of marketers elicited in creating successful viral merchandising programs is to identify individuals with soaring social networking authorisation and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the state and check a high probability of being taken by other competitor.The depot viral trade or virtual merchandising has been too use pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined with to a lower rear market touch onising in shopping centers to create the im put forwardion of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm. cyberspace marketing lucre marketing besides referred to as marketing, web marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products or serve over the mesh.The profit has brought media to a global audience. The synergistic temper of net profit marketing in equipment casualty of providing instant response and eliciting responses is a unique quality of the modal(a). cyberspace marketing is neartimes considered to wipe out a extensiveer scope because it only refers to the mesh, netmail, and receiving aline media, but it admits management of digital customer selective information and electronic node family Management (CRM) system. meshing marketing ties together creative and adept aspects of the net profit, including de narrow, development, consultising, and sales.Internet marketing overly refers to the placement of media along with contrastive acquaints of the guest fitting roulette wheel by means of and through and through with(predicate) search engine Marketing(SEM), anticipate locomotive Optimization(SEO), waft ads on peculiar(prenominal) websites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co s aggregate, published an initial estimate to quantify the exploiter information collected by large lucre based companies. reckoning quad types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potency for accumulation data upward of 2500 times on average per user per month.eMarketingEMarketing is a sub decline of e backup that utilize electronic medium to coiffe marketing activities and achieve desired marketing objectives for an administration. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and fluent marketing for pattern, are all th e form of e marketing.eBusinessEBusiness gist utilizing electronic medium in e trulyday line of descent activities. at that place are several(prenominal) take aims of date in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where one(a) arrangement relies completely on e business the second one way chooses a intricate bearing and means of doing business.DifferenceDifference mingled with eBusiness, eCommerce, and eMarketing eBusiness is a actually encompassing entity dealing with the entire complex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or assist its overall or finicalized business activities. eCommerce is best described in a transactional linguistic context. So for example an electronic transition of funds, information, or entertainment falls under the kinsfolk handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e commerce is a adjourn of e business eMarketing is similarly a interrupt of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve market ing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategical train in addition to tralatitious marketing and business outline.Difference among e marketing and interactive marketingeMarketing is a broader end point that describes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. interactional marketing is for the most take leave a sub of eMarketing that involves a indisputable take aim of interaction.Difference betwixt eMarkeitng and profits or web Marketingthither is no real difference between eMarketing and meshing or web marketing. but, with the arrival of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as fountainhead as interactive television, two terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffyInternet or web marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology.Whilst this distinction i s totally acceptable, it is demanding to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices.Advantages of eMarketingFollowing are some of the advantages of e marketing Reduction in bes through mechanisation and use of electronic media. Faster response to both marketers and the end user. increase ability to measure and collect data. Opens the possibility to a market of one through in the flesh(predicate)ization. Increased interactivity.Disadvantages of eMarketingFollowing are some disadvantages of eMarketing lack of own(prenominal) appeal , Defensibility on technology, Security, privacy issues, Maintenance personifys collectable to a constantly evolving surroundings, Higher transparency of set and increased revalue promotion, widely go badd competition through globalization.eMarketing PlaneMarketing plan is a strategic document genuine through a nalysis and research and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of boldnesss overall marketing plans supports the cosmopolitan business scheme. Every good eMarketing plan must be developed in line with the organizations overall marketing plan.In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the legitimate micro- and macro economic occurrence of the organization. eMarketers must observe both inborn and foreign factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are set, suppliers, customers. Examples or macro environment are socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to reduce a workable e marketing solution, e marketers must first understand the ongoing situation of the company and its environment, profile, segment the target market and indeed(prenominal)ce strategically put the products as to achieve optimal response with the target marke t. This is generally achieved through fig out analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at flow rate opportunities and curses one fecal matter devise an e marketing strategy that seat mitigate the organizations bottom line.eMarketing(in brief)eMarketing is necessityly a reference of marketing. But What is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing? What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing?The American marketing association definition 2004 is as followsMarketing is an organisational economic consumption and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer races in ship canal that avail the organization and its stakeholders. in that respectfore e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relati onships in ways that improvement the organization and its stakeholders. As such an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that contribute to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives.This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is evidently defileing and selling onlineWhat are the eMarketing tools?The internet has a offspring of tools to offer to the marketer. A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com, A company can use the internet as a way of building and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com, The currency collection part of a transaction could be do online e.g. electricity and telephone bills, Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk, The internet could be utilise for advertising e.g. Google Adwords,Finally, the web can be apply as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show.How do marketers plan for eMarketing?There are two ways to looking it An live organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan. An organization trades altogether on the internet and so their marketing plan focuses strictly on eMarketing.The marketing plan in either case is the coterminous step, whether cerebrate upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The nigh lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC from our generic marketing planning sessionSituation analysis for practical(prenominal) marketingThe situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the sexual audit and competitor research. It performs the oral sex where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s extraneous office)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with traditional concepts and techniques, bu t you make to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer life cycle, and the application of drum analysis.The client career Cycle (CLC)The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifespan value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market orientated kinda than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered.SWOT analysis- clubed and ploddingSWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on tell issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and terrors. round of the problems that you may receive with SWOT are as a result of one of its signalize benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be pliable. To overcome these issues, one should lock a power SWOT.SWOT analysis- effect SWOTSWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the prefatorys of how to compete your SWOT as you beat to learn about marketing tools. As you learn much(prenominal) about SWOT analysis, you allow for expire aware of a numeral of potential limitations with this pop tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls. somewhat of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can pencil lead to a chip of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be intercommunicate using a more critical power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, emphasizing exposit, and rank priorities. This is how it works.How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SW OT analysis? You bring your experiences, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your perception or dim-witted gut tumbleling will impact the SWOT.Often marketing managers will in adversely reverse opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global calefacient and mode change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat quite an than a potential hazard.Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some doses will be more arguable than others, so weight the factors. One way would be to use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 % they total 100%Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to prevail is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one t ycoon find the term technology. This stage word does not tell a lector very much. What is really meant is Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices block to the point of purchase. This provides the prospect of a distinct competitory advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight each element. at a time detail has been added, and factors generate been revived for weighting, you can then improvement to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can develop to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. Essentially you rank them highest to lowest, and then range those with the highest rank e.g. where opportunity c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is strategic to address opportunities primarily sinc e your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths to opportunities and look for a fit. portion out any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to reiterate threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them. contention research for Virtual marketing (External perspective)As you plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one inevitably to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the marvel where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach shimmy depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. Use search engines. General topics such as Google, hick An d msn Type names of competitors Type industry, product or term lookup down in to a directory structure e.g. hayseed Search a competitors web site production information , press released, hypothecate opportunities Pricing information Distribution information such as where to buy. hunting for trade associations Search for personal scallywags or blogs Different perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. e.g.v www. blogger. com ,v www. myspace. com,v www. youtube. Com. Ask your target market. Send question to named personnel, refreshedsgroups, personal pages, mailing lists. Conduct a survey using. Buy secondary coil reports e.g. data monitors, mintel. Newsgroups and post queries, invigoratedsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Deja. com(Google) state online financial information research public companies iii.co.uk ample up ft.com up Read online competitive information. e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inus Study demographic reports statistics.gov.uk/ census in up census.gov inus certain source material Business source elite, newspapers, Kellys compass. Monitor special hobby material Business source elite, newspaper, Kellys, compass. Monitor special interest material. E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE). Use a headmaster research workerEMarketing MixThe eMarketing mix is essentially the akin as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of outlay, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also let in natural evidence, people, and process when marketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution.E marketing priceThe eMarketing mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.E Marketing Place Place tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The e marketing s pace consists of new internet companies that agree emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre- alert companies that new employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an surplus business that enhances or replaces their traditional channel of place. Pre Existing companies that gravel espouse eMarketing These are traditional companies that trade on the internet,Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tremendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a miscellanea of new online banks and traditional banks, both offering online banking services. Essentially banks no longish need to invest in high cost, high avenue selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Softw are also means that customers can be retained by using Customer human relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches.E marketing productConsidered product as part of the marketing mix. Two foregoing tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the tierce levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally relevant to the context of e marketing and can be easily utilize to include e marketing and product.For example a product marketed alone online will go through a life cycle in the same unpredictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an actual tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insurance, warranties and so on trio levels of a product). Although tools actually ascertain the term product, they can be easily sufficient to include brands. run or solutions.E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below sh ould be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing businesses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an online alternative, an online trailblazer (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detailA- Online extenderAn on line extender is an existing business that has a strategy whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically bounteous through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market.B- Online alternativesThe online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an pilot channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently a ccessible elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example strange or fragmented markets.C and d- Online innovatorsOnline innovators come in two formsC- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and sophisticated products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience.D- Online innovators are start-ups that take into custody the opportunities to launch new and advanced(a) products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience.We have already conside red product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product. E marketing promotion It looks at ways of increase the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers some momentant ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches. It looks at ways of increase the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Lesson internet marketing and promotion internet advertising. This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Pay per mark off advertising Google ad words.Google ad words are a be per jerk (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you decide upon key word that relates intimately to your product or service.Using Googles tools, you price how much it wou ld cost your per pokey for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and pay Google by credit card. You can pick up the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a support Google awards professional.Adverts depend alongside Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. The ads seem alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected content websites-such as www.chichesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the proficient hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed.There is also an opportunity for Smart determine whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon fishing- you write a retread of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the same rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser.Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online advertising hence the capacious rises in income and profit for Google over recent times. EMarketing Price (Pricing tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways. world(prenominal) set and competition give consumers access to the lowest price for any generic good. For example, British consumers benefit when purchasing products from the United States since there is well-nigh two dollar to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is cheap to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes)Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of set, for example ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an detail into auction where buyers bid against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a armorial bearing. The commission is factored into the price you pay.Greater access to set information, more quickly and in a format that makes pricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will compare and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance.Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term vibrissa forthrightness on Google and you are directed to a site about pig grooming. On this site is plenty of information about sensory hair straightening, laid next to some contextual adverts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small Pay-Per-Click fee which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay.Traditional pricing tactics used in eMarketingOf course the internet marketers still has a social unit survival of the fittest of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenariosPremium pricing e.g. selling music via iTunes. Penetration pricing e.g. freehanded away free subscription to land grab market divide for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com. Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips. Price sliver e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games. Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective). Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 free, subscription 2 $10.00(with added value) and subscription 3 $49.99 for 10 year. Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive. nonmandatory product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance. unfree product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one brand, your updates must also come from them. Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls. Promotional pricing e.g. profligate incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football game games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as re wards e.g. Amazon.com. Geographical Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets.Search marketing rise and yahooOverture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-products that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples1) Sponsored search Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potential customers search for a keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to win the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. popular keywords will cost more-obviously.2) Local advertising Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote products in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services.Overture hEffectiveness of E-MarketingEffectiveness of E- MarketingVirtual Era- New Features In Marketing CapSynopsisAim The purpose of this study is to analyze the current practices going on in the Indian market in terms of using the virtual market and virtual marketing as tool to enhance bottom top line and for a better penetration. It would also throw light on various marketing strategies can be synchronized with web marketing for better and optimum results.Objective The study would predominantly give an idea about the effectiveness of E-Marketing in contemporary scenario wherein most of the companies are using it as the most effective tool to ensure that their product or services are being reached to masses, because of the pervasive nature of web market its another feather in the cap of market.This thesis depicts how a small sized Business-To-Business company can create an e-marketing plan. For this purpose, this thesis would incorporate most of the industries that are into the business of serving customers with their product service s. The thesis first carries out a literature study to explain the concepts and methods related with the e-marketing activities. Furthermore, the case company is introduced. Since an e-marketing plan is similar to a marketing plan, the products, target markets and competitors are also introduced among others.During the case study, the advices and the strategies are proposed. Since the thesis has a hands-on implementation feature, some of the strategies are implemented by sticking to the action plans in an iterative way. Doing so, thesis depicts evaluation for the recommended strategies. Finally, conclusions and areas for future work are presented along with the Lessons Learned during the project.MethodologyThe method used for finding the relevant information for the research is mentioned below1) Secondary Researcha. Internet Assistanceb. Books, Articles working papersc. Magazines Journals2) Primary researchPrimary research would predominantly look on analysis part of consumer behav ior to track their behavior of web marketing.a. General Observation on siteI. Closer observation on shoppers BehaviorII. Functionality of IndustryIII. Impact of E-Marketingb. QuestionnaireI. Sample size would be 100II. Multi-dimensional SamplingIII. Factor Analysisc. Focus Group InterviewI. General Discussion with customersd. InterviewI. Extensive Meetings with Industry people.Based on this I will conclude that whether consumers are being affected by the ways of web marketing of industries or not or what should be the modus operandi of companies to allure their target audience.Virtual marketForty nine of the Worlds leading food, beverages, and consumer products companies have joined hands to form the largest business to business e-Market place Transora.com. The new company is the first of its kind owned by the consumer products industry. Transora will help consumer products companies across the world to streamline business transactions with their buyers, suppliers and distributors t hrough the internet. Transoras services will span the entire supply chain-from suppliers to manufactures to retailers-and provide procurement, vendor, and product catalogues, online order management, supply chain collaboration, and financial services. The companies have committed nearly us $ 250 million for funding Transora (CBI News Bulletin, July/august 2000)The buzz word viral marketing and coral advertising and virtual marketing refers to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks produce increase in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self replicating viral processes, analogues to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It can be word of mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the internet. Viral promotions may take the form of video clips, interactive flash games, Adver games, EBooks, brand able software, images, or even text messages.The goal of marketers fire in creating successful v iral marketing programs is to identify individuals with high social networking potential and create viral messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being taken by another competitor.The term viral marketing or virtual marketing has been also used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns- the unscrupulous use of astroturfing on line combined with under market advertising in shopping centers to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm. Internet marketingInternet marketing also referred to as marketing, web marketing, online marketing or eMarketing is the marketing of products or services over the internet.The internet has brought media to a global audience. The interactive nature of internet marketing in terms of providing instant response and eliciting responses is a unique quality of the medium. Internet marketing is sometimes considered to have a broader scope because it only refers to the internet, email, and wireless media, but it includes management of digital customer data and electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system.Internet marketing ties together creative and technical aspects of the internet, including design, development, advertising, and sales.Internet marketing also refers to the placement of media along with different stages of the Customer Engagement Cycle through search engine Marketing(SEM), Search Engine Optimization(SEO), banner ads on specific websites, email marketing, and web 2.0 strategies. In 2008 the New York Times, working with co score, published an initial estimate to quantify the user data collected by large internet based companies. Counting four types of interactions with company websites in addition to the hits from advertisements served from advertising networks, the authors found the potential for collecting data upward of 2500 times on average per user per month.eMarketingEMarketing is a subset of e business that utilize electronic med ium to perform marketing activities and achieve desired marketing objectives for an organization. Internet marketing, interactive marketing, and mobile marketing for example, are all the form of e marketing.eBusinessEBusiness means utilizing electronic medium in everyday business activities. There are several levels of involvement in when it comes to EBusiness. For example where one organization relies completely on e business the second one way chooses a mixed presence and means of doing business.DifferenceDifference between eBusiness, eCommerce, and eMarketing eBusiness is a very broad entity dealing with the entire complex system that comprises a business that uses electronic medium to perform or assist its overall or specialise business activities. eCommerce is best described in a transactional context. So for example an electronic transition of funds, information, or entertainment falls under the category handled by principles of eCommerce. Technically e commerce is a part of e business eMarketing is also a part of e business that involves electronic medium to achieve marketing objectives. E marketing is set on a strategic level in addition to traditional marketing and business strategy.Difference between e marketing and interactive marketingeMarketing is a broader term that describes any marketing activity performed via electronic medium. Interactive marketing is generally a sub of eMarketing that involves a certain level of interaction.Difference between eMarkeitng and internet or web MarketingThere is no real difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing. However, with the arrival of mobile technologies such as PDAs and 3G mobile phones, as well as interactive television, both terms would see eMarketing and internet or web marketing as subtly different, for example chaffyInternet or web marketing is achieving marketing objectives through applying digital technologies. eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology.Whilst this distinction is wholly acceptable, it is difficult to see where the distinction lies between digital technologies and electronic communications technologies, especially with the convergence of technologies such as mobile devices.Advantages of eMarketingFollowing are some of the advantages of e marketing Reduction in costs through automation and use of electronic media. Faster response to both marketers and the end user. Increased ability to measure and collect data. Opens the possibility to a market of one through personalization. Increased interactivity.Disadvantages of eMarketingFollowing are some disadvantages of eMarketing lack of personal approach , Defensibility on technology, Security, privacy issues, Maintenance costs due to a constantly evolving environment, Higher transparency of pricing and increased price promotion, Worldwide competition through globalization.eMarketing PlaneMarketing plan is a strategic document developed through an alysis and research and is aimed at achieving marketing objectives via electronic media. eMarketing plan represents a sub set of organizations overall marketing plans supports the general business strategy. Every good eMarketing plan must be developed in line with the organizations overall marketing plan.In a broad sense e marketers generally start by analyzing the current micro- and macro economic situation of the organization. eMarketers must observe both internal and external factors when developing an e marketing plan as trends in both micro environment elements are pricing, suppliers, customers. Examples or macro environment are socio economic, political, demographics and legal factors. In order to reduce a viable e marketing solution, e marketers must first understand the current situation of the company and its environment, profile, segment the target market and then strategically position the products as to achieve optimal response with the target market. This is generally a chieved through SWOT analysis. By assessing organizations strengths and weaknesses and looking at current opportunities and threats one can devise an e marketing strategy that can improve the organizations bottom line.eMarketing(in brief)eMarketing is essentially a part of marketing. But What is the difference between eMarketing and internet or web marketing? What are the eMarketing tools? And how do marketers plan for eMarketing?The American marketing association definition 2004 is as followsMarketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.Therefore e marketing by its very nature is one aspect of an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. As su ch an aspect, eMarketing has its own approaches and tools that contribute to the achievement of marketing goals and objectives.This also helps us to differentiate between eMarkeitng and eCommerce, since eCommerce is simply buying and selling onlineWhat are the eMarketing tools?The internet has a number of tools to offer to the marketer. A company can distribute via the internet e.g. amazon.com, A company can use the internet as a way of building and maintaining a customer relationship e.g. Dell.com, The money collection part of a transaction could be done online e.g. electricity and telephone bills, Leads can be generated by attracting potential customers to sign up for short periods of time, before signing up for the long-term e.g. which.co.uk, The internet could be used for advertising e.g. Google Adwords,Finally, the web can be used as a way of collecting direct responses e.g. as part of a voting system for a game show.How do marketers plan for eMarketing?There are two ways to lo oking it An existing organization may embark upon some eMarkeitng as part of their marketing plan. An organization trades solely on the internet and so their marketing plan focuses purely on eMarketing.The marketing plan in either case is the next step, whether focused upon eMarketing or all, marketing. The next lessons focus upon a tailor-made eMarketing plan which conforms to the Acronym AOSTC from our generic marketing planning sessionSituation analysis for VIRTUAL marketingThe situation analysis for eMarketing bridges the internal audit and competitor research. It answers the question where are we now in terms of our marketing (internal v/s external perspective)? The analysis literally considers your eMarkeitng situation by considering the fit between internal and external factors. There are similarities with traditional concepts and techniques, but you need to focus upon digital commerce. Here we consider the 5ss of internet marketing, the customer life cycle, and the applicati on of SWOT analysis.The Customer Life Cycle (CLC)The customer life cycle is a tool that creation and delivery of lifetime value to customers i.e. CLC looks at products and services that customers need throughout their lives. It is market oriented rather than product oriented. Key stages of the customer relationship are considered.SWOT analysis-ranked and weightedSWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. its flexibility. Since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. To overcome these issues, one should employ a power SWOT.SWOT analysis-Power SWOTSWOT analysis is a marketing audit that considers an organizations strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. Our introductory lesson gives you the basics of how to compete your SWOT as you begin to learn about marketing tools. As you learn more about SWOT analysis, you will become aware of a number of potential limitations with this popular tool. This lesson aims to help you overcome potential pitfalls.Some of the problems that you may encounter with SWOT are as a result of one of its key benefits i.e. flexibility since SWOT analysis can be used in a variety of scenarios, it has to be flexible. However this can lead to a number of anomalies. Problems with basis SWOT analysis can be addressed using a more critical power SWOT. Power is an acronym for personal experience, order, weighting, emphasizing detail, and rank priorities. This is how it works.How do you the marketing manager fit in relation with the SWOT analysis? You bring your experiences, skills, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs to the audit. Your perception or simple gut feeling will impact the SWOT.Often marketing managers will in adversely rev erse opportunities and strengths, and threats and weaknesses. This is because the line between internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats is sometimes difficult to spot. For example, in relation to global warming and climate change, one could mistake environmentalism as a threat rather than a potential opportunity.Too often elements of a SWOT analysis are not weighted. Naturally some points will be more controversial than others, so weight the factors. One way would be to use percentages e.g. threat a=10%, threat b=70%, and threat =20 % they total 100%Detail, reasoning, and justification are often omitted from the SWOT analysis. Where one tends to find is that the analysis contains lists of single words. For example, under opportunities one might find the term technology. This stage word does not tell a reader very much. What is really meant is Technology enables marketers to communicate via mobile devices close to the point of purchase. This provides the opportunity of a distinct competitive advantage for our company. This will greatly assist you when deciding upon best to score and weight each element.Once detail has been added, and factors have been revived for weighting, you can then progress to give the SWOT analysis some strategic meaning i.e. you can begin to select those factors that will most greatly influence your marketing strategy albeit a mix of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatens. Essentially you rank them highest to lowest, and then prioritize those with the highest rank e.g. where opportunity c= 60% opportunity a= 25% and opportunity b = 10% you marketing plan would address opportunity c first, and opportunity b last. It is important to address opportunities primarily since your business should be market oriented. Then match strengths to opportunities and look for a fit. Address any gaps between current strengths and future opportunities. Finally attempt to rephrase threats as opportunities (as with global warming and climate change above), and address weaknesses so that they become strengths, Gap analysis would be bridge the gap between them.Competitor research for Virtual marketing (External perspective)As you plan for eMarketing and during the plans implementation, one needs to play careful attention to the activities of competitors, so competitors research for eMarketing is essential when attempting to answer the question where are we now (external perspective). There are a number of approaches that can be employed, with the emphasis on each approach shifting depending upon the nature of our e business and market. Here are some key tools of competitor research for eMarketing. Use search engines. General topics such as Google, yahoo And msn Type names of competitors Type industry, product or term Search down in to a directory structure e.g. yahoo Search a competitors web site Product information , press released, job opportunities Pricing information Distribution informatio n such as where to buy. Hunt for trade associations Search for personal pages or blogs Different perspective e.g. fans, ex-employees. e.g.v www. blogger. com ,v www. myspace. com,v www. youtube. Com. Ask your target market. Send question to named personnel, newsgroups, personal pages, mailing lists. Conduct a survey using. Buy secondary reports e.g. data monitors, mintel. Newsgroups and post queries, newsgroups on bulletin boards or forums Deja. com(Google) Read online financial information research public companies iii.co.uk ample up ft.com up Read online competitive information. e.g. hoovers.com paid for, inus Study demographic reports statistics.gov.uk/ census in up census.gov inus Original source material Business source elite, newspapers, Kellys compass. Monitor special interest material Business source elite, newspaper, Kellys, compass. Monitor special interest material. E.g. marketing week (BSE), campaign (BSE), marketing (BSE). Use a professional researcherEMarketing MixThe eMarketing mix is essentially the same as the marketing mix. it is simply the adaption of price, place product, and promotion to the eMarketing context. Of course one could also include physical evidence, people, and process when marketing planning for an online service. Below are a series of lessons that consider how markets can apply the eMarketing mix to their organizations own product, service, brand, or solution.E marketing priceThe eMarketing mix is simply an adaptation of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However, the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.E Marketing Place Place tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The e marketing space consists of new internet companies that have emerged as the internet has developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that new employ eMarketing approaches as part of their overall marketing plan. For some companies the internet is an additional channel that enhances or replaces their trad itional channel of place. Pre Existing companies that have adopted eMarketing These are traditional companies that trade on the internet,Banking and financial services e.g. HSBC bank. Banks and financial services have benefited tremendously from the popularity of internet usage. There is a mixture of new online banks and traditional banks, both offering online banking services. Essentially banks no longer need to invest in high cost, high street selling unit i.e. old fashioned town-based banks. Labor costs have also been reduced since much of the traditional banking bureaucracy is done using it and the use of overseas call centers has meant that salaries are much lower. Software also means that customers can be retained by using Customer Relationship Management (CRM) eMarketing approaches.E marketing productConsidered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision-making have been introduced- Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. Both of these tools and equally applicable to the context of e marketing and can be easily applied to include e marketing and product.For example a product marketed solely online will go through a life cycle in the same unpredictable way as a product marketed through any traditional channel (PLC). Products marketed online will have a core benefit tot eh customer, be an actual tangible product, with augmentation that ads value such as insurance, warranties and so on three levels of a product). Although tools actually specify the term product, they can be easily adapted to include brands. Services or solutions.E marketing product/business matrix (depicted below should be used in conjunction with Product Life Cycle (PLC) and the three levels of a product. It represents additional tools for audit that bridges existing businesses and new online start-us, and existing products and new products. It allows marketers to categories those marketing on the internet as an online extender, an onl ine alternative, an online innovator (existing business), and Oran online innovator (online start-up). Let us look at it in more detailA- Online extenderAn on line extender is an existing business that has a strategy whereby it extends its marketing activities to the internet. It could be any traditional, terrestrial organization that has historically grown through using traditional channels of distribution to get existing products, brands, services, or solutions to market.B- Online alternativesThe online alternative is a new start-up that uses the internet as an original channel of distribution to get products, brands, services or solutions, currently available elsewhere, to, arekt. Some segments may be better targeted with this online alternative for example remote or fragmented markets.C and d- Online innovatorsOnline innovators come in two formsC- Online innovators are existing businesses that see a benefit to launching new and innovative products, brands, services or solutions online by leveraging new technology. Existing businesses have a wealth of knowledges and learning that underpin their moves onto the web. Remember, the internet is not a business paradigm shift (at last not yet) and so current business approaches are often adapted for the internet. Existing businesses have experience.D- Online innovators are start-ups that seize the opportunities to launch new and innovative products, brands, services, or solutions online. Deposit not having as much knowledge and learning as some of their competitors, they are flexible and can move much more quickly. Start-ups often experience.We have already considered product as part of the marketing mix. Two previous tools for product decision- making have been introduced product life cycle and the three level of a product. E marketing promotion It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at the internal optimization of the website itself. It considers many important ways of building your traffic, including Search Engine Optimization (SEO) approaches. It looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Lesson internet marketing and promotion internet advertising. This lesson looks at ways of increasing the popularity of your website by looking at external sources of internet advertising. Pay per click advertising Google ad words.Google ad words are a Cost per Click (CPC) online advertising program. Identically that means that you decide upon key word that relates closely to your product or service.Using Googles tools, you price how much it would cost your per click for your chosen keyword- this could be lucent, $1.50 or more, depending on the popularity of the keyword. So the keyword marketing would be more expensive than the keyword marketing cheese china because of its level of popularity. You then allocate a budget, and pay Google by credit card. You can control the length of your campaign, or end it as soon as the money in PPC management (Pay per Click Management) or recruit a verified Google awards professional.Adverts appear alongside Google search results- so go to Google and search for marketing. The ads appearing alongside the main search results are cps. Ads also appear on selected content websites-such as www.chichesteuk.com-look at the adverts along the top, and down the right hand column- this is where ads based upon the keyword chic ester would appear. You only pay for adverts that get clicked- not for page views- so you pay nothing if your advert is simply viewed.There is also an opportunity for Smart pricing whereby you pay more for the advert if a sale is guaranteed e.g. you have a website based upon fishing- you write a review of a new type of fishing rod, the visitor then sees an ad for the same rod in an ad words text ad running on the same page then clicks on it and buys from the advertiser.Adwords is a very targeted and controllable way of online adver tising hence the huge rises in income and profit for Google over recent times. EMarketing Price (Pricing tactics as part of the eMarketing mix.)The eMarketing mix is simply an adaption of the traditional marketing mix and P for price. However the internet has influenced how online businesses price in a number of ways.International pricing and competition give consumers access to the lowest price for any generic good. For example, British consumers benefit when buying products from the United States since there is almost two dollar to the pound. Conversely this makes British goods more expensive to the American consumer. So it is cheap to buy spectacles from a us website and then to import them into the UK (even including transport costs and import taxes)Online auctions are a popular and innovative way of pricing, for example ebay. Here you register with the online auction company as a seller and/or a buyer. You can place an item into auction where buyers bid against each other. The highest bidder wins. The auction websites takes a commission. The commission is factored into the price you pay.Greater access to pricing information, more quickly and in a format that makes pricing comparable and transparent. There are a number of sites that will compare and contrast prices for the same or similar goods and services e.g. prices on car insurance.Pricing could also include the cost of an online advertising medium such as Google ad words. Here an online supplier would buy a keyword located in a text or image based advert onto Googles own search engine or onto a website belonging to a Google publisher. For example you search term hair straightness on Google and you are directed to a site about hair dressing. On this site is plenty of information about hair straightening, placed next to some contextual adverts. You click on the advert and you are taken to a site selling hair dressing supplies. You buy the hair straightness and your supplier pay a small Pay-Per-Click fe e which is split between Google and their publisher. This is factored into the price you pay.Traditional pricing tactics used in eMarketingOf course the internet marketers still has a whole selection of the more traditional pricing approaches to choose from that can be adapted to eMarketing scenariosPremium pricing e.g. selling music via iTunes. Penetration pricing e.g. giving away free subscription to land grab market share for new start ups such as youtube.com and myspace.com. Economy pricing e.g. selling basic products and services online likes basic design or paperclips. Price skimming e.g. new product launches online such as albums or games. Psychological pricing e.g. products and services sold at 99p or $99.99 (price point perspective). Product line pricing e.g. subscription 1 free, subscription 2 $10.00(with added value) and subscription 3 $49.99 for 10 year. Pricing variations e.g. budget airlines selling tickets online where the first tickets bought are the cheapest, and the last ones bought tend to be more expensive. Optional product pricing e.g. selling a holiday online with travel insurance. Captive product pricing e.g. once you buy virus software from one brand, your updates must also come from them. Product bundle pricing e.g. buying internet access which comes with free online phone calls. Promotional pricing e.g. betting incentives, such as free dollars to gambles online for current customers that gamble on football games to tempt them to play online pocker, or vouchers with codes sent by email as rewards e.g. Amazon.com. Geographical Pricing e.g. Microsoft pricing in different currencies in different international markets.Search marketing Overture and yahooOverture is the yahoo equivalent of Googles ad words. Now known as yahoo Search marketing, overture has a series of sub-products that make up its internet marketing program. Here some examples1) Sponsored search Displays your advert at the top of the search engine results. So your potenti al customers search for a keyword and your advert appears at the top of the results page. Again, as this ad words, the advertisers bid against each other to obtain the position that will generate the most convertible traffic to their site. Popular keywords will cost more-obviously.2) Local advertising Gets your business listed in yahoos business directory. So if you wish to promote products in specific regions next to specific search keywords, this is a much targeted geographical services.Overture h